mysql笔记(4)-复合索引的性能问题

昨天有个朋友谈起复合索引，之前对复合索引只是大概了解没有专门的总结也不敢多言复合索引使用方法的优劣.查阅相关资料后把例子贴出与大家分享，希望可以抛砖引玉.

对于复合索引:Mysql从左到右的使用索引中的字段，一个查询可以只使用索引中的一部份，但只能是最左侧部分。例如索引是key index (a,b,c). 可以支持a | a,b| a,b,c 3种组合进行查找，但不支持 b,c进行查找 .当最左侧字段是常量引用时，索引就十分有效。下面用几个例子对比查询条件的不同对性能影响.

create table test(
a int,
b int,
c int,
KEY a(a,b,c)
);

优: select * from test where a=10 and b>50
差: select * from test where a50

优: select * from test where order by a
差: select * from test where order by b
差: select * from test where order by c

优: select * from test where a=10 order by a
优: select * from test where a=10 order by b
差: select * from test where a=10 order by c

优: select * from test where a>10 order by a
差: select * from test where a>10 order by b
差: select * from test where a>10 order by c

优: select * from test where a=10 and b=10 order by a
优: select * from test where a=10 and b=10 order by b
优: select * from test where a=10 and b=10 order by c

优: select * from test where a=10 and b=10 order by a
优: select * from test where a=10 and b>10 order by b
差: select * from test where a=10 and b>10 order by c

索引原则

1.索引越少越好
原因：主要在修改数据时，第个索引都要进行更新，降低写速度。
2.最窄的字段放在键的左边
3.避免file sort排序，临时表和表扫描.